Previous studies have indicated that feiiireducing bacteria ferb can oxidize some electron donors more effectively than sulfatereducing bacteria srb. Pdf biodegradation alternative in the cleanup of petroleum. Ex situ aerobic degradation is straightforward, however, the in situ transport properties of oxygen are poor due to low solubility and high reactivity. Pdf biostimulation studies of soil contaminated with used lubricating oil was undertaken with three organic wastes banana skin bs, brewery spent. Microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons home. Read this article to learn about the biodegradation and bioremediation in details with diagrams. Their abundance and persistence in several polluted environmental areas have beenreported. Bioremediation of polluted soil sites with crude oil. Stimulated anaerobic degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons. Oxygen is often added to contaminated ground water to stimulate biodegradation, but this can be technically difficult and expensive1,58. Petroleuma naturally occuring flammable liquid consisting of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons that are found in geologic formations beneath the earths surface. Enhanced biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in.
In this study, a simulated biodegradation experiment was performed with crude oil under aerobic conditions, in which nalkanes were nearly depleted, thus providing an opportunity to study the biodegradation mechanisms of nalkanes. Bioremediation for marine oil spills princeton university. Limitations to biodegradation adequate bacterial concentrations although populations generally increase if there is food present electron acceptors nutrients e. The nalkanes are the most widely and readily utilized hydrocarbons, with those between c 10 and c 20 being most suitable as substrates for microfungi 65. Biodegradation of used motor oil in soil using organic waste. Contamination of ground waters with watersoluble aromatic hydrocarbons, common components of petroleum pollution, often produces anoxic conditions under which microbial degradation of the aromatics is slow17.
A significant number of studies have identified biodegradation as the key attenuation process for fuel hydrocarbons and chlorinated solvents. Petroleum hydrocarbons can be divided into four classes. The cold regions of the world represent some of the largest biotopes on the earth, including the arctic, antarctic, and the permanently cold parts of the oceans. Toxicological profile for total petroleum hydrocarbons tph. Heavy oils, which result from the biodegradation of crude oil under anoxic conditions in situ in petroleum reservoirs, have a much lower content of saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons and a higher proportion of the more polar chemicals, the resins and asphaltenes figure 1.
As observed in several experiments, even though complete degradation of plastics by microorganisms is not possible. How to evaluate alternative cleanup technologies for. Stimulated anaerobic degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons the aerobic degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons has been well demonstrated. They reported that the biodegradation of sarir crude oil in seawater was considerably enhanced by addition of the. The optimum ph for biodegradation of hydrocarbons is around 68 22. Evidence from in vitro experiments with samples of petroleum formation water and oils from pampo field indicate that petroleum biodegradation is more likely to be a. Enhanced biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in contaminated soil 39 the injection volume was 100 l and the injection port temperature was 40c.
Biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons springerlink. Biodegradation basically involves the conversion of complex organic molecules to simpler. Biodegradation alternative in the cleanup of petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants. Biodegradation of crude petroleum in an acid soil ph 4. Journal of environmental quality abstract bioremediation. Evaluation of petroleum hydrocarbons adsorbtion and biodegradation by pseudomonas aeruginosa cells entrapped into silicaalginate beads malgorzata mizielinska, urszula kowalska, lukasz lopusiewicz center of bioimmobilisation and innovative packaging materials, faculty of food sciences and fisheries, west pomeranian university of technology. Tph was more than 9000 mgkg which exceeded the department of petroleum resources dprs intervention value of 5000 mgkg.
Results showed that cp contained appreciable amounts of some biodegradation. Bioremediation can be an alternative green technology for remediation of such hydrocarboncontaminated soil. Aliphatic hydrocarbons any large class of organic compounds. The interest in studying microbial diversity and metabolism in petroleum reservoirs lies mainly but not only on providing a better comprehension of biodegradation of crude oils, since it represents a worldwide problem for petroleum industry. In nature, biodegradation of crude oil typically involves a succession of species within the consortia of microbes present. Oil biodegradation and oildegrading microbial populations. Biodegradation rates for fuel hydrocarbons and chlorinated. Brakstad og, faksness lg 2000 biodegradation of wateraccommodated fractions and dispersed oil in the seawater column. None fermentation methane, co 2 contaminant electron donor e. Ten kilogram of crude petroleum oil contaminated soil sample level. The release of large quantities of oil causes directly or indirectly huge environmental and economic impacts and may persist for.
Spe 71450 multiple controls on petroleum biodegradation and impact on oil quality lloyd m. Nduka jk, umeh ln, okerulu io, umedum ln, okoye hn 2012 utilization of different microbes in bioremediation of hydrocarbon contaminated soils stimulated with inorganic and organic fertilizers. Anaerobic hydrocarbon degradation in petroleumcontaminated. Biodegradation of total petroleum hydrocarbons tph in. Microbial degradation of hydrocarbons in the environment. Stimulated biodegradation of spent lubricating motor oil. Natural and stimulated biodegradation of petroleum in cold marine environments. Petroleum remediation program minnesota pollution control. The dominance of anaerobic hydrocarbon degradation, including methanogenesis, in subsurface biodegradation of oil is supported by the lack of sufficiently oxygenated formation waters to oxidize subsurface petroleum, the presence of anaerobic microorganisms in formation waters, the demonstration of anaerobic hydrocarbon degradation in laboratories. Ravikumar3 1department of microbiology, shrimathi indira gandhi college, tiruchirappalli, india 2department of. Biodegradation of crude oil in surface environments results in similar.
Congress, office of technology assessment,bioremediation for marine oil spills background paper, otabpo70 washington, dc. However, little is known about the effect of salt on the insitu biodegradation of hydrocarbons by terrestrial microbes, especially at low temperatures. Hydrocarbon biodegradation electron acceptors products 1. Microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons sciencedirect. The potentials of organic wastes from animal droppings as bioremediation alternative for soils spiked with wastelubricating motor oil spent oil was evaluated. Rates of biodegradation depend greatly on the composition, state. Biodegradation of petroleum compound using the bacterium. Bay crude oil stimulated biodegradation compared to unfertilized controls, although the greatest stimulation was seen at the lowest fertilizer level 100 mg n kg. Biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in soil differs greatly from aquatic environments due to the predominantly vertical infiltration of the oil contamination into the subsurface, where sorption processes may not only reduce the toxicity of oil components, but may also serve as a persistent source of contamination 1. Stimulated biodegradation of spent lubricating motor oil in. Utilization of different microbes in bioremediation of. Microbial degradation ofhydrocarbons in the environment.
Stimulated biodegradation of oil slicks using oleophilic fertilizers. The petroleum biodegradation has been reported to be mostly enhanced in presence of a consortium of bacteria species compared to monospecies activities ghazali et al. To study hydrocarbon biodegradation in marsh sediments impacted by macondo oil from the deepwater horizon well blowout, we collected sediment cores 1836 months after the accident at the marshes in bay jimmy upper barataria bay, louisiana, united states. Government printing office, washington, dc 204029325 order form can be found in the back of this report. Furthermore, biodegradation of aliphatic hydrocarbons occurring in crude oil and petroleum products has been investigated well, especially for yeasts. Crudeoil biodegradation via methanogenesis in subsurface. To meet ever growing energy needs, petroleum has been extensively exploited for the last decades, which entails risk of sea pollution when it is. Bioremediation which is a highly attractive, pioneering, costeffective and environmentally friendly technology is based on the use of microorganisms to remove petroleum hydrocarbons contaminants from soil or water bento et al. Biodegradation and phytotoxicity of crude oil hydrocarbons in an. In biodegradation microorganisms gain energy during pollutant degradation that can be utilized for metabolism also they obtain carbon an essential component of all cellular constituents so it can be said that biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons is energetically favourable abbasian et al. Crude oil biodegradation in the marine environments.
Solubilization of hydrophobic compounds into the aqueous phase appears to be a significant rate limiting factor in petroleum biodegradation in soil. Agbor and others published biostimulation of microbial degradation of crude oil polluted soil using cow dung and. Effect of salt on aerobic biodegradation of petroleum. Biodegradation of hydrocarbons in the environment microbial degradation of hydrocarbons may apply also to soil ecosystems. Contamination of ground waters with watersoluble aromatic hydrocarbons, common components of petroleum pollution, often produces anoxic conditions under which microbial degradation of the. Biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons is a complex process that depends on the nature and on the amount of the hydrocarbons present. Dec 12, 2007 biodegradation of crude oil in subsurface petroleum reservoirs has adversely affected the majority of the worlds oil, making recovery and refining of that oil more costly 1. Biodegradation of petroleum in seawater at low temperatures. Crude oil biodegradation in the marine environments intechopen. Simulated soil vapor intrusion attenuation factors including biodegradation for petroleum hydrocarbons article in ground water monitoring and remediation 291. Degradation and mineralization of petroleum in sea water. Dibble and bartha 51 reported increases in co2evolution overthe range of1.
Efficiency of biodegradation it is important to understand that the process of biodegradation is not 100% efficient, that is, the degradation of the polymer can rarely reach 100%. Proceedings to the spe conference on health, safety and environment in oil and gas exploratio and production, 2628 june 2000, stavanger, norway. The crude oil biodegradation in agricultural soil was studied for 12mo to. The result of the microbial counts for soils spiked with 5000 mgkg10.
The direct application of surfactants to petroleum. Biodegradation or biological degradation is the phenomenon of biological transformation of organic compounds by living organisms, particularly the microorganisms. Biodegradation of petroleum and crude oil by pseudomonas putida and bacillus cereus c. Stimulated anoxic biodegradation of aromatic hydrocarbons.
Share this article share with email share with twitter share with linkedin share with facebook. The rate of biodegradation of the spent oil was studied for a period of 6 months under laboratory condition. The highest concentrations of oil were found in the top 2 cm of sediment nearest the waterline at the. Bioremediation of petroleum oil contaminated soil and water. Final analysis showed that alkanolamine concentrations were reduced to levels below the det ection limit following treatment, from an initial concentration of 15,000 mgkg. In addition to the discussion of petroleum or crude oil biodegradation, consideration is given to efforts to stimulate biological removal of refined. Introduction the spilled petroleum constitutes hydrocarbons are one of the main environmental pollutants. Simulated soil vapor intrusion attenuation factors.
Natural and stimulated biodegradation of petroleum in cold. Biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in soil the ability of the bacterial strains to remediate the petroleum crudeoil contaminated soil sample was investigated by carrying out the biodegradation experiment in soil for 120d under indoor laboratory condition. Other processes, such as biodegradation and abiotic degradation e. Generally, biodegradation of oil affects physical and chemical properties of the petroleum, resulting in. Contamination of ground waters with watersoluble aromatic hydrocarbons, common components of petroleum pollution, often produces anoxic conditions under which microbial degradation of the aromatics is slow 17. Enhanced bioremediation using sulfate andor nitrate. Utilization of different microbes in bioremediation of hydrocarbon contaminated soils stimulated with inorganic and organic fertilizers john kanayochukwu nduka, linda nkechi umeh, isaac obi okerulu, lilian ngozi umedum and helen nkechi okoye. Btex eeand c energy microbial growth energy yield kinetics in lab experiments high low fast slow. Nevertheless, the tph biodegradation occurred at greater rates. Biodegradation of used motor oil in soil using organic.
Oil fields are not uniformly distributed around the globe, but being in limited areas such as the persian gulf region. Bioremediation functions basically on biodegradation, which may refer to. Pdf biostimulation of microbial degradation of crude oil polluted. Soil and surface water contamination by used lubricating oil is a common occurrence in most developing countries. Petroleum and chc impacted aquifer cunningham et al. Pdf microbes and petroleum bioremediation milene gomes. Several studies suggest that petroleum biodegradation can be achieved by either aerobic or anaerobic microorganisms, depending on oxygen input or other electron acceptors and appropriate nutrients. This has been shown to have harmful effects on the environment and human beings at large.
Petroleum remediation program minnesota pollution control agency. The cod of soil leachates was estimated colorimetrically using a hach cod incubator model 45600 and a hach spectrophotometer model dr3000. Aliphatic hydrocarbons any large class of organic compounds whose carbon atoms are joined in straight chains. Components of petroleum all petroleum products are derived from crude oil whose. Petroleum pollution is an environmental issue often reported, including oil spills that occur accidentally worldwide. The potential use of ironiii oxide to stimulate insitu hydrocarbon degradation in anaerobic petroleum contaminated harbor sediments was investigated. Nitrogen requirements for maximizing petroleum bioremediation. Enhanced microbial hydrocarbon biodegradation as stimulated. Noincrease was observed at a level of 10%, and the rates declined at 15%.
Due to the availability of indigenous bacteria, seeding with naturallyoccurring bacteria did not improve the rate. Stimulated anoxic biodegradation of aromatic hydrocarbons using feiii ligands. Variations of acidic compounds in crude oil during. Of these processes, natural biodegradation through metabolism by naturally occurring microorganisms is the primary mechanism responsible for petroleum mass reduction. For most petroleum releases, natural biodegradation will reduce toxic chemical compounds to nontoxic metabolic byproducts. Simulations of aerobic biodegradation have been widely employed to investigate the mechanisms of crude oil biodegradation in geological environments.
Microorganisms involved in the bioremediation processes include primarily bacteria. Pdf stimulated biodegradation of used lubricating oil in soil. Request pdf natural and stimulated biodegradation of petroleum in cold marine environments the cold regions of the world represent some of the largest biotopes on the earth, including the. Microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminants.
Marine oildegrading microorganisms and biodegradation process of petroleum hydrocarbon in marine environments. Ravikumar3 1department of microbiology, shrimathi indira gandhi college, tiruchirappalli, india 2department of botany, a. Total viable counts of culturable heterotrophic and hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria in the polluted soil prelandfarming were between 0. Apr 25, 2008 hydrocarboncontaminated soil and groundwater at oil and gas production sites may be additionally impacted by salts due to release of produced waters. Laboratory research on biodegradation of petroleum contaminants from weathered drill waste exsitu method includes the following steps. Effect of environmental parameters on the biodegradation. Biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in seawater at low temperatures 05 degrees c and bacterial communities associated with degradation biodegradation 2006, 17 1 71 82 doi. To study this effect, we prepared a groundwatersoil slurry from two sites in canada. Evaluation of petroleum hydrocarbons adsorbtion and. Degradation of petroleum involves progressive or sequential reactions, in which certain organisms may carry out the initial attack on petroleum constituents. Petroleum hydrocarbons and chlorinated solvents, contaminants commonly found dissolved in groundwater, have been shown in recent studies to attenuate by a variety of these processes.
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